Horizontal+circulation

= = = = = = = = = = = **What is it that the design of horizontal circulation determines? ** =

The design of horizontal circulation frequently determines the basic shape and character of an entire structure.

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= **What are the four practical requirements of any horizontal circulation system mentioned in the lecture? ** =

The first practical requirement of any horizontal circulation is that it be adequate in size. The second requirement in circulation design is that of directness. A good circulation plan should work well in either direction. The third requirement is that points of converging traffic must be expressed. This is very important in the design of facilities for rapid exits. And the last one is that the changes in levels must be clearly expressed. In order to do this, the architect can use several treatments to make the change of levels as clear as possible. = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =

= **What are the three examples (names of buildings) mentioned by Prof. Watanabe to illustrate different horizontal circulation patterns? ** =

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 * 1) Pennsylvania Station in New York.
 * 2) Centrosoyus Building in Moscow
 * 3) Palais de Justice in Paris.

= **Why is the concept of Horizontal Circulation important in any urban plan or architectural design? ** =

= = =The concept of Horizontal Circulation is important in any urban plan or architectural design because it establishes the relationships between the parts and the whole, and between the circulation pattern itself and the general sense and form of the entire structure. =